BUSINESS ENGLISH 1

A.   Business Letters

The four areas you must take into consideration for writing an effective business letter:

1.     Subject

Ø Know WHAT you’re writing about

Ø Stick to one or two subjects in your letter. Including more than two subjects clouds your message.

Ø Write another letter if you have more than two subjects.

2.     Audience

Ø Know WHO you’re writing for.

3.     Purpose

Ø Know WHY you are sending the letter.

Ø Is the letter to inform? Is it to request information? Is it to offer congratulations? Condolences? Is it to get the recipient to act on a request?

4.     Style/Organizational

Ø The Basic organization for the body of business letters:

·        Part 1: State your purpose

Ø Example:

“Thank you for your conscientious service. All 15 of your last shipments have arrived undamaged. We have never contracted with a supplier with as fine a record as yours. We appreciate the extra effort it takes to ship our order intact and on time. “

·        Part 2: Explain what you want to happen or explain the information you have.

Ø Example:

Ø “Ted McCracken and Bob Smiley have delivered these shipments to our loading dock supervisor. I have attached copies of logs for your review. Note that the unloading time is approximately half of that from other shippers for a similar load. Ted and Bob frequently help our crew unload the crates. This additional service always comes with an exchange of jokes. Our crew collects laughs to compete with your drivers! “

·        Part 3: Request a dated action, conclude or thank the reader for his response.

Ø Example:

Ø “Doing business with your organization is a pleasure. You save us money by eliminating shipping waste and time by providing efficient drivers. Please accept the enclosed certificates of merit to Terrance Trucking, Ted and Bob, with our appreciation. We are confident in referring our customers and vendors to Terrance Trucking for their shipping needs.”

B.    Seven C’s Effective Business Letter

·        Conversational

Ø For example:

Ø Due to the fact that= stilted phrase

Ø because = conversational

Ø Aforementioned information = stilted phrase

Ø The information or the previous information= conversational

·        Clear

Ø Use specific examples the reader can relate to.

Ø Don’t assume that your reader understands the jargon of your trade.

Ø Organizing your letter so each paragraph deals with only one main idea and presenting your ideas in a logical order.

·        Concise.

Ø It is better to write a short letter with attachments than a long, detailed one.

·        Complete.

Ø For example, don’t say, “When we last spoke about the situation,” when you can say, “When we spoke on June 8 about hiring a new administrative assistant.”

·        Concrete.

Ø Say, “The order for 10,000 basins that we requested on May 3, 20XX, has not arrived as of June 20.” Identify names and numbers.

·        Constructive

Ø Words such as “failure,” “you neglected” and “error” tend to distance the recipient from the writer. Words such as “agreeable,” “proud” and “success” help create a positive tone.

C.     Part of Business Letters

      Letterhead

·         Most business letters originating from a firm are written on the firm’s letterhead. If you are writing a personal letter or your firm does not use letterhead, then you need to include your firm’s address in the heading.

      Date

·         When you are using a heading instead of letterhead, place the date on the first line andthe address on the subsequent lines as follow:

  September 9, 2xxx

  359 Longview Road

  Mt. Vernon, IL 65676        

      Inside Address

·         This should include the name of the person you are writing to, the person’s title (if available), the name of the firm and the firm’s address as follows:

Terry Lancaster

Head of Warehouse

Terrance Trucking

P.O. Box 4440

Houston, TX 34598-4440

      Attention Line

·         When you do not know the name of the person you are writing to and the letter is addressed to the firm. For example, the attention line may say, “ Attention: Head of Accounting.”

When you know the name of the person you are writing to but are unsure of the title. The attention line may say,” Attention: Customer Service.”

Another way of doing this is to use the attention line and send copies of the letter to the appropriate department.

      Salutation

ü  The following are salutations used in American business letters.

ü  Dear Sir

ü   Dear Madam (May be followed by title, such as Dear Madam Chairperson.)

ü  Gentlemen

ü  Ladies

ü  Dear Mr. Bryan

ü  Ladies and Gentlemen ( female and male organization

ü  Dear Personal Director ( a gender-free-title)

ü  To Whom It May Concern or TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN (use this form as the last resort).

ü  Dear Terry Lucas (when you do not know the gender)

ü  Shipping Agents, not “Gentlemen” (if you are addressing a group of people in general, such as shipping department, do not assume they are all male.)

ü  Friends: (to avoid sexiest and strike a less formal note)

ü  Dear IBM: (informal approach)

ü  Madam:     Sir:        Friend: (if do not have a  name)

ü  Dear Ms.White ( in doubt about how a woman prefers to be addressed)

ü  Dear Messrs. White, Brown, and Jones (Messieurs) to address more than one man in the saliutation

      Subject Line

·         The subject line is most commonly used in Simplified Letter. It announces the subject of the letter and provides a summary of your intent.

      The Body of the Letter

·         This is where make requests, provide information or reasons, or reply to someone. It is the main part of the business letter.

·         Part 1 of the Body: Get right to the point in the first sentence of the letter by giving a statement of your purpose. This part is usually a short paragraph.

·         Part 2 of the Body: It explains the information you are giving, or it explains what you want the recipient to do. It includes all of the information the recipient needs.

·         Part 3 of the Body: This like the first part, is usually a short paragraph. Depending on the purpose of your letter, it will do one of three things:

·         Conclude. It allows you to point out the most important item or draw all your key points into one statement.

·         Request action. In letters that require a response, such as collection letters, you define the action you want the recipient to take. In this part, you tell reader what to do and when to do it. Be specific.

·         Thank the reader.  In some letters, this part is simply a thank you for the recipient’s attention, response or concern.   

      Complimentary Close

·         The following complimentary closes are in order of decreasing formality:

·         Very truly yours, (formal traditional)

·         Respectfully, (formal traditional)

·         Sincerely yours, (informal and personal)

·         Cordially, (informal and personal)

·         Sincerely, (informal,personal and more common)

·         Best regards, (informal personalized)

·         With love, (personal and warm)

·         Cheers, ; Your friend, ; See ya, (personal and breezy)

      SIGNATURE

·         There should be four lines between the complimentary close (or the body in the Simplified Letter) and your typed name so there is room for your signature.

·         State your name and business title below the signature.

      Additional Information

·         Reference Initial: use capital letters and followed by colon for sender’s initial, followed by the typist’s initial in small letters.

·         Enclosure (Enc):The enclosure line at the bottom of the letter notes that additional material has been sent.

·         CC or XC (copies): for copies sent, followed by names of persons receiving the copies.

      POSTSCRIPT

·         The “P.S.” highlights additional information. Often used in sales, promotional or personal letters. It can emphasize a request for action or consideration.

      Mailing Instructions

·         Use these to give the reader deadlines or pertinent information on mailing a reply.

D.   On-Arrival Notations (Envelope)

Ø You might want to include a special notation on private correspondence. This is also typed in all uppercase characters.
Others prefer to put it between the inside address and the salutation. Remember to put it on the envelope as well, which is probably even more important. Examples of private correspondence notations:

Ø PERSONAL
CONFIDENTIAL
PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL
STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL

E.    Business Letter Format

n  Block or Full block

      Block

      The Block format is by far the simplest. Every part of the letter starts at the left margin, with spaces between each part.

n  Modified Block 

      It is similar to Block format, but the date, signature and closing are placed to the right, thus allowing them to stand out. The complimentary close and the signature are aligned and placed near the center of the letter, two spaces below the last paragraph.

n  Modified Semi-Block

      It is the same as the Modified Block except that the paragraphs are indented five spaces. All spacing remain the same.

n  Simplified

      This is useful when you do not know the title of the person you are writing to or when you are writing to a company, government agency or organization. It eliminates the courtesy titles (Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr.), the salutations and the complimentary close. The focus of the letter is on the body and what is to be said. The spacing is the same as the Block format.

n   Memo

      It is used as an interoffice communication. The top of the Memo indicates :

      the date,

      the name(s) of the recipient(s),

      the name(s) of the sender(s)

      the subject.

      The abbreviation “RE” is sometimes used instead of “Subject.”

      This information is placed at the left margin.

      The body of the Memo is in Block form.

       A signature and additional information are optional. The signature is often placed near the center with the additional information at the left margin.

Ø Block Style

 

 

Ø Modified Block Style

 

Ø Modified Semi-Block Style

 

Ø   

Ø Simplified Style

 

Ø Memo Style

F.    Letter of Introduction

                  This letter introduces a person to a company or individual. Letters of introduction are similar to references, quite often describing the qualifications of the person to be introduced.